Abstract

This report analysed public expenditure on secondary education in Tamil Nadu, focusing on its implications for educational access and quality. The study aimed to understand the directions, priorities, and reach of public spending in this critical sector, particularly given the state’s notable economic growth juxtaposed with significant disparities in educational attainment across districts.

Data from various sources, including state budgets and policy documents, were reviewed to assess the status of secondary education over five years. Fieldwork was conducted in selected districts to gather qualitative insights through interviews with headmasters and focus group discussions with students and parents.

Findings revealed that while Tamil Nadu exhibited a strong gross state domestic product (GSDP) growth rate, the share of the primary and secondary sectors in GSDP had declined, indicating a shift towards the tertiary sector. Despite high enrollment ratios at lower levels of education, significant dropout rates were observed between secondary and senior secondary levels. The analysis highlighted inter-district disparities in income and human development indicators, with wealthier districts often underperforming in educational outcomes compared to poorer counterparts.

The report concluded that strategic public policy adjustments are essential for addressing these inequalities and achieving sustainable development goal 4, emphasising inclusive and equitable quality education. Recommendations included enhancing inter-departmental coordination and increasing investment in secondary education to improve access and quality across the state. Overall, the study provided a comprehensive overview of the challenges facing secondary education in Tamil Nadu amidst its economic landscape.

CBPS. (2020). Public Expenditure review of secondary education in Tamil Nadu. Bengaluru: Centre for Budget and Policy Studies.