Abstract

This section presents an analysis of various models of ECCE across the three states of Delhi, Odisha and Telangana, together with an analysis of their costs and revenues. The report is split into two sections: cost estimations and resource mobilisation. The first section presents a conceptual and analytical framework for a comprehensive analysis of the costs of various ECCE models in the country to arrive at alternative cost models. The second section highlights the range of funding sources available within these models and the various ways in which the raised resources are allocated for different expenditure heads.

The method for undertaking a comparative analysis of various ECCE models involved two steps: first, developing estimations of the total annual cost by taking monetary estimates of monetised and non monetised processes and annualising capital investments taking into account opportunity costs for assets like land or buildings. A second step involved estimating capital expenditure and annual recurrent costs that do not include any non-monetised/opportunity cost. Similarly, an analysis of resources has been undertaken by first categorising the various kinds of resources drawn on by organisations followed by a cost-versus-resource analysis for each model.

Information regarding costs and resources were gathered using both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources included interaction with various stakeholders in the field using multiple tools like Focus Group Discussions, interviews, and observations. The secondary sources mainly included balance sheets and annual reports as provided by the respective organizations. (Find calculations in Annexure 4).

Altogether, the section provides insights into emerging lessons for funding of ECCE programmes in the country and advocates the need for a diverse set of cost models for diverse target groups and locations.

This report is part of a series of four reports about the state of ECCE in India, the collection of which must be read together to make complete sense. For more information refer to the following link.

CBPS. (2018, March). Research studies on ECCE: Selected non-ICDS ECCE models: an analysis of features, costs and revenue. Bengaluru: Centre for Budget and Policy Studies.